{"id":262,"date":"2024-07-18T17:09:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T17:09:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/?p=262"},"modified":"2024-09-12T20:50:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T20:50:02","slug":"bgp-configuration-example-ebgp-loopback","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/routing\/bgp-configuration-example-ebgp-loopback","title":{"rendered":"BGP Configuration Example 2: EBGP Using Loopback Interfaces"},"content":{"rendered":"<body>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>BGP Configuration Example<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>In the last tutorial \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/routing\/bgp-configuration-examples\">BGP configuration example : EBGP Peering<\/a>\u201c, we configured an EBGP peering between two routers using their physical interface IP addresses. In this BGP configuration example, we\u2019ll use loopback interfaces for BGP peering. We prefer loopback interfaces when there are multiple paths between peers because they provide more stability Using multiple paths ensures that even if one path disconnects, we can maintain the BGP peering through an alternate path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(to right, #ADD8E6, #8A2BE2); padding: 10px; border-radius: 10px; font-weight: 600; color: black;\">\n  <h3 style=\"text-align: center; margin-top: 0;\">Table of Contents<\/h3>\n  <ul style=\"padding-left: 20px;\">\n    <li><a href=\"#BGP-Configuration-Example-2-EBGP-Using-Loopback-Interfaces\" style=\"color: black;\">BGP Configuration Example 2: EBGP Using Loopback Interfaces<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#Configuration-Process\" style=\"color: black;\">Configuration Process<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#Router-Configuration-Commands\" style=\"color: black;\">Router Configuration Commands<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#Verification-of-Peering-Stability\" style=\"color: black;\">Verification of Peering Stability<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"BGP-Configuration-Example-2-EBGP-Using-Loopback-Interfaces\"><strong>BGP Configuration Example 2: EBGP Using Loopback Interfaces<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, your objective is to configure <strong>EBGP<\/strong> between the routers using loopback interfaces and ensure that peering remains stable, even if one of the physical paths disconnects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Topology:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ebgp-configuration-topology.png?resize=1024%2C438&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A network topology with two routers for a BGP configuration example using loopback interfaces to form EBGP peering.\" class=\"wp-image-267\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ebgp-configuration-topology.png?resize=1024%2C438&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ebgp-configuration-topology.png?resize=300%2C128&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ebgp-configuration-topology.png?resize=768%2C329&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ebgp-configuration-topology.png?resize=1536%2C657&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ebgp-configuration-topology.png?w=1884&amp;ssl=1 1884w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that each router has two loopback interfaces: one forms the peering, and the other is advertised using BGP to check if BGP is working.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p>In the last <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/routing\/bgp-configuration-examples\">BGP configuration example<\/a>, we used physical interfaces to form the peering, which was straightforward. However, when using loopback interfaces, we need to consider the following three things:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1. Route to Peer\u2019s Loopback Interface:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, our router won\u2019t have a path or route to reach the peer\u2019s loopback interface network address, so <strong>we need to add a route using another protocol like OSPF or a static route.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>2. TTL Value Adjustment:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, EBGP peering uses a TTL value of 1 by default, but a TTL of 1 can\u2019t reach the peer\u2019s loopback interface because the router decrements it when forwarding a packet. Therefore, <strong>we need to configure a TTL of 2 or more using the \u201cebgp-multihop\u201d command.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>3. Source IP Address Update:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we need to change the source IP address of BGP packets.By default, the IP address of the interface used to send the packet to the neighbor is the source IP address of all BGP packets. However, in this case, the peer expects packets with the source IP set to the peer\u2019s loopback interface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"Configuration-Process\"><strong>Configuration Process<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(to right, #5A5A9F, #8A2BE2); padding: 10px; border-radius: 10px; color: white;\">\n  <h3 style=\"text-align: center; margin-top: 0; color: white;\">Procedure Steps<\/h3>\n  <ol style=\"padding-left: 20px; color: white;\">\n    <li>Connect the routers as given in the topology with two physical interfaces.<\/li>\n    <li>Create two loopback interfaces on both routers. <br>\n    (Check the connectivity of both physical interfaces using ping.)<\/li>\n    <li>Configure OSPF and advertise both the physical networks and one of the loopback networks.<\/li>\n    <li>Wait for OSPF adjacency and ensure two paths are shown to the neighbor\u2019s loopback network.<\/li>\n    <li>On R1, configure BGP with AS 100.<\/li>\n    <ul>\n      <li>Use the neighbor command with R2\u2019s loopback interface IP and set the remote AS as 200.<\/li>\n      <li>Use the neighbor command with the update-source option and provide R1\u2019s loopback interface number.<\/li>\n      <li>Use the neighbor command with the ebgp-multihop option to set the TTL to 2.<\/li>\n      <li>Use the network command to advertise the second loopback interface.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <li>(Perform a similar configuration on R2.)<\/li>\n    <li>Check the BGP peering state using <em>show ip bgp summary<\/em>.<\/li>\n    <li>Shut down one of the physical interfaces.<\/li>\n    <li>Check whether BGP maintains the peering through the available path to the peer.<\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"Router-Configuration-Commands\"><strong>Router Configuration Commands<\/strong> :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>R1 : Setting up physical and loopback interfaces.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-0ac0e44633f002675bcf371a6864d225\"><code>R1# \nR1# configure terminal\nR1(config)# interface fastEthernet 0\/0\nR1(config-if)# ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0\nR1(config-if)# no shutdown\nR1(config-if)# interface fastEthernet 0\/1\nR1(config-if)# ip address 2.1.1.1 255.0.0.0\nR1(config-if)# int loopback 1\nR1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0\nR1(config-if)# int loopback 2\nR1(config-if)# ip address 11.1.1.1 255.0.0.0\nR1(config-if)# exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>R1 : OSPF Configuration Commands<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-fb0bb83e1baf4d65c14e8f26c7e70d12\"><code>R1(config)# router ospf 1\nR1(config-router)# network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1\nR1(config-router)# network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1\nR1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1\nR1(config-router)# exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>R1 : BGP Configuration Commands<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1153112b0760062c5a41ab1a863a962f\"><code>R1(config)# router bgp 100\nR1(config-router)# neighbor 20.1.1.1 remote-as 200\nR1(config-router)# neighbor 20.1.1.1 update-source loopback 1\nR1(config-router)# neighbor 20.1.1.1 ebgp-multihop 2\nR1(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0\nR1(config-router)# exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>R2 : Setting up physical and loopback interfaces.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-3f0e2ce9160fe1b1967fd422c9995c0b\"><code>R2# \nR2# configure terminal\nR2(config)# interface fastEthernet 0\/0\nR2(config-if)# ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0\nR2(config-if)# no shutdown\nR2(config-if)# interface fastEthernet 0\/1\nR2(config-if)# ip address 2.1.1.2 255.0.0.0\nR2(config-if)# int loopback 1\nR2(config-if)# ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0\nR2(config-if)# int loopback 2\nR2(config-if)# ip address 11.1.1.2 255.0.0.0\nR2(config-if)# exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>R2 : OSPF Configuration Commands<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b4f059c129a61c890a3a74d4deb2bc15\"><code>R2(config)# router ospf 1\nR2(config-router)# network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1\nR2(config-router)# network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1\nR2(config-router)# network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1\nR2(config-router)# exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>R2 : BGP Configuration Commands<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-background-color has-foreground-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-68b7df0791b0f4c00fa8cbf1b9f9bccb\"><code>R2(config)# router bgp 200\nR2(config-router)# neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 100\nR2(config-router)# neighbor 10.1.1.1 update-source loopback 1\nR2(config-router)# neighbor 10.1.1.1 ebgp-multihop 2\nR2(config-router)# network  21.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0\nR2(config-router)# exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p>By using two physical interfaces and configuring OSPF to advertise the loopback network through both, the routers will have two routes to reach the neighbor\u2019s loopback. Use the command \u201cshow ip route 20.0.0.0\u201d on R1 to see these two paths. <strong>This setup means BGP has two paths to reach its peer at 20.1.1.1. So, even if one physical path is disconnected, BGP can maintain the peering using the other path.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"282\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/R1-show-ip-route-.png?resize=1024%2C282&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"screenshot showing the output of &quot;show ip route&quot; with two paths to reach the same network\" class=\"wp-image-270\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/R1-show-ip-route-.png?resize=1024%2C282&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/R1-show-ip-route-.png?resize=300%2C82&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/R1-show-ip-route-.png?resize=768%2C211&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/R1-show-ip-route-.png?w=1182&amp;ssl=1 1182w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Output of \u201cshow ip route 20.0.0.0\u201d on R1 showing two paths<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>With this, we have completed the first five steps. Now, let\u2019s verify the configuration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"Verification-of-Peering-Stability\"><strong>Verification of Peering Stability<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 6<\/strong> : Check the peering status using \u201cshow ip bgp summary\u201d on R1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"359\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-1.png?resize=1024%2C359&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Screenshot of the &quot;show ip bgp summary&quot; output showing successful peering with an EBGP peer\" class=\"wp-image-269\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-1.png?resize=1024%2C359&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-1.png?resize=300%2C105&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-1.png?resize=768%2C269&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-1.png?w=1306&amp;ssl=1 1306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The above output shows that R1 has successfully established peering with 20.1.1.1 and has learned one network from that peer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 7 and 8:<\/strong> Now that you have confirmed the peering has been formed, you can shut down one of the physical interfaces, \u201cFE 0\/0\u201d or \u201cFE 0\/1\u201d. Repeat the \u201cshow ip bgp summary\u201d command, and you will see that BGP maintains the peering with R2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-after-link-down.png?resize=1024%2C388&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"screenshot showing the output &quot;show ip bgp summary&quot; after one physical link is disconnected.\" class=\"wp-image-271\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-after-link-down.png?resize=1024%2C388&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-after-link-down.png?resize=300%2C114&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-after-link-down.png?resize=768%2C291&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-after-link-down.png?resize=1536%2C582&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/show-ip-bgp-summary-after-link-down.png?w=1777&amp;ssl=1 1777w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Output showing BGP peer remains up even after one physical link is shut down<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p>You can also check the peering using the debug command to show the keepalive packets. Use \u201cdebug ip bgp keepalives\u201d and verify whether the routers are exchanging keepalives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/debug-ip-bgp-keepalives.png?resize=1024%2C257&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Screenshot showing BGP keepalive packets using the &quot;debug ip bgp keepalives&quot; command on a cisco router.\" class=\"wp-image-272\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/debug-ip-bgp-keepalives.png?resize=1024%2C257&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/debug-ip-bgp-keepalives.png?resize=300%2C75&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/debug-ip-bgp-keepalives.png?resize=768%2C192&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/debug-ip-bgp-keepalives.png?w=1409&amp;ssl=1 1409w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">BGP Keepalive Packets Captured with \u201cdebug ip bgp keepalives\u201d Command<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background: linear-gradient(to right, #ADD8E6, #8A2BE2); padding: 10px; border-radius: 10px; font-weight: 600; color: black;\">\n\n  Previous &gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zframez.com\/articles\/routing\/bgp-configuration-examples\" style=\"color: black;\">BGP Configuration Example 1: EBGP Peering<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Further reading : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/ios\/iproute_bgp\/command\/reference\/irg_book\/irg_bgp1.html\">cisco<\/a><\/p>\n<\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BGP Configuration Example In the last tutorial \u201cBGP configuration example : EBGP Peering\u201c, we configured an EBGP peering between two routers using their physical interface IP addresses. In this BGP configuration example, we\u2019ll use loopback interfaces for BGP peering. We prefer loopback interfaces when there are multiple paths between peers because they provide more stability [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"wp-custom-template-post-with-sidebar2","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103,66],"tags":[144,136,145,148,147,150,143,137,118,139,138,146,149],"class_list":["post-262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bgp","category-routing","tag-bgp-commands","tag-bgp-configuration-examples","tag-bgp-peering-using-loopback","tag-bgp-setting-ttl-value","tag-bgp-update-source-command","tag-cisco-bgp","tag-cisco-bgp-commands","tag-cisco-bgp-configuration","tag-ebgp","tag-ebgp-configuration","tag-ebgp-peering","tag-ebgp-multihop-command","tag-step-by-step-bgp-configuration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BGP Configuration Example 2: EBGP Using Loopback Interfaces - Tutorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BGP configuration example with EBGP using loopback interfaces. 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