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The DR reduces the number of adjacencies in these networks, preventing the flow of duplicate LSAs. 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In the last tutorial, we learned about the basics of Ethernet switches and the switching process. Now, let\u2019s try to understand VLANs, which are used to reduce unwanted traffic in Ethernet switches. We will also explore the concept of VLAN tagging using the IEEE 802.1Q protocol and go over VLAN configuration commands for a Cisco switch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table of Contents<\/h3>\n
\n
What is a VLAN?<\/a><\/li>\n
What is VLAN tagging?<\/a><\/li>\n
What are the advantages of using VLANs?<\/a><\/li>\n
Why can a switch support only 4096 VLANs?<\/a><\/li>\n
How to Configure VLANs on a Cisco Switch?<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
What is a VLAN ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A VLAN ( Virtual LAN ) logically groups ports to avoid unwanted traffic.<\/strong> Devices connected to a switch receive a lot of unwanted traffic because the switch floods the frame when the destination is unknown, multicast, or broadcast. By creating VLANs, we create separate, isolated groups in a switch. By default, traffic from one VLAN does not go to another, avoiding disturbances to other devices in different groups. We can configure 2^12 VLANs on a switch, which amounts to 4096 VLANs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
What is VLAN tagging?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
When a switch forwards a frame to another switch, it includes the VLAN ID of the port from which it received the frame. Otherwise, the receiving switch will not know the VLAN from which the frame came. The switch includes this VLAN ID in an extra field called the VLAN tag. It places this tag between the source address and the type field in the Ethernet header. We call this process of adding a VLAN tag while sending the frame to another switch VLAN tagging<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two protocols, IEEE 802.1Q and ISL (Cisco proprietary), keep VLAN information when sending frames to other switches<\/strong>. IEEE 802.1Q, also known as dot1q, is the industry-standard protocol supported by all vendors. You can use ISL if you have Cisco devices on both ends of the cable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
What are the advantages of using VLANs?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
By shrinking the size of broadcast domains, VLANs cut down on unnecessary traffic<\/strong>, leading to better overall network performance. For instance, we can keep the traffic from different teams in a company like engineers, managers, sales, HR, and finance separate by placing these teams into different VLANs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VLANs improve security<\/strong> by allowing you to segregate sensitive data, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VLANs make network management easier.<\/strong> You can group devices logically regardless of their physical location, making it simpler to implement policies and troubleshoot issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Why can a switch support only 4096 VLANs?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The VLAN ID field in dot1q uses only 12 bits to represent the VLAN number. So, the VLAN numbers range from 0 to 4095.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"Diagram$
VLAN ID in dot1q tag<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
How to Configure VLANs on a Cisco Switch?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
You can configure VLANs on a Cisco switch in two steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step<\/strong> 1: Add VLANs to the VLAN database:<\/strong> After connecting to the switch using Telnet, SSH, or the Console, enter VLAN database mode by using the command \u201cvlan database\u201d<\/strong> from privilege mode. Then, add VLANs using the command \u201cvlan <vlan number> name <vlan name>\u201d<\/strong>. After this, use the \u201capply<\/strong>\u201d command, followed by \u201cexit\u201d<\/strong> to leave VLAN database mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For example, the following commands will configure VLAN 10 and VLAN 20 on a Cisco switch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Switch# vlan database\nSwitch(vlan)# vlan 10 name testers\nSwitch(vlan)# vlan 20 name developers\nSwitch (vlan)# exit\nSwitch #<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nScreenshot of adding VLANs to the database on a Cisco switch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cisco VLAN Configuration: Adding VLANs to the database<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\nStep 2: Configure Port-to-VLAN Mappings<\/strong> : You can configure the port-to-VLAN mappings in two ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nUse the \u201cinterface range<\/strong>\u201d command to select a group of ports and then apply VLANs to them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Apply the VLAN membership to a single interface if you want to add only one port to a VLAN.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\nExample 1: <\/strong>To configure multiple ports to the same VLAN, you can use the \u201cinterface range<\/strong>\u201d command. For example use the following commands to configure ports FastEthernet 1\/1 to FastEthernet 1\/5 as members of VLAN 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet 1\/1 \u2013 5 \nSwitch(config-if-range)# switchport mode access\nSwitch(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10 \nSwitch(config-if-range)# exit\nSwitch(config)#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nScreenshot of VLAN configuration using \u201cinterface range\u201d <\/strong>command on Cisco switch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n VLAN Configuration: Using the interface range command to map VLANs to multiple ports<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\nExample 2:<\/strong> To configure VLAN on a single port, you can apply the \u201cswitchport access vlan <vlan number><\/strong>\u201d command in interface mode . For example, use the following commands to configure port FastEthernet 1\/1 as a member of VLAN 10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Switch(config)# interface fastethernet 1\/1\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport mode access\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nScreenshot of configuring VLAN membership on an interface from a cisco switch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n VLAN Configuration: Port-to-VLAN Mapping<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nNote: <\/strong>You don\u2019t have to use the \u2018switchport mode access<\/strong>\u2018 command, as your switch will likely have all ports set as access ports by default. However, using this command is suggested so that the port will change back to an access port if it was previously set to a trunk port.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n Next >>> VLAN Configuration Examples<\/a> \n Previous >>> Understanding How Ethernet Switches Work<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Further reading : Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Understanding VLANs, Tagging Process, and Configuration In the last tutorial, we learned about the basics of Ethernet switches and the switching process. Now, let\u2019s try to understand VLANs, which are used to reduce unwanted traffic in Ethernet switches. We will also explore the concept of VLAN tagging using the IEEE 802.1Q protocol and go over […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"wp-custom-template-post-with-sidebar2","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[26,19,25,20,9,24,18,13,15,12,8,27,21,23,22,16,17],"class_list":["post-17","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-switching","category-vlan","tag-add-vlans-to-database","tag-advantages-of-vlan","tag-cisco-network-switch-configuration","tag-cisco-vlan-configuration","tag-ethernet-switch","tag-gns3-vlan-configuration","tag-how-to-configure-vlan","tag-lan","tag-manageable-switch","tag-network-switch","tag-switch","tag-switch-configuration","tag-tagged-ports","tag-trunk-port-configuration","tag-trunk-ports","tag-vlan","tag-what-is-vlan"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is a VLAN: Its Advantages and Configuration - 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Why can a switch support only 4096 VLANs?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe VLAN ID field in dot1q uses only 12 bits to represent the VLAN number. So, the VLAN numbers range from 0 to 4095.<\/p>\n\n\n\nVLAN ID in dot1q tag<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n